Why Men Fall Asleep After Sex

Sex and sleep

According to Dr. Billy Goldberg, co-author of Why Do Men Fall Asleep After Sex?, there is little direct evidence explaining why men fall asleep. However, the chemicals oxytocin, prolactin, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and other hormones all contribute to “that roll-over-and-snore feeling” because they facilitate sleep.

“A man’s body chemistry changes after orgasm. The biochemical prolactin is released, physically altering his body and making him very tired,” says Dr. David McKenzie, a sex therapist in Vancouver, Canada. 

Further, exertion during sex and after climax depletes the muscles of energy-producing glycogen, which leads to sleepiness. Since men have more muscle mass than women, they’re generally sleepier after sex.

Men’s libido goes up and down

Think PMS is only for women? Think again. Your monthly peaks and valleys are triggered by changes in testosterone that affect your mood, libido, energy level, beard growth and sperm count.

According to research by naturopathic physician Dr. Marcus Laux, men have more energy, a greater sense of well being, lower body weight and less need for sleep during the peak of their cycle. The valleys bring apathy, indifference and the tendency to magnify small problems into big ones.

“If you keep track of your personal cycles, whether it’s shifts in energy levels, mood or sex drive, you can anticipate changes,” says Laux. “Then, you can take advantage of the times you’re at your prime and better cope when you’re not feeling your best.”  

Get Your Sexiest Body

While other fitness buffs are thinking about toned legs and arms, women doing this plan can revel in their own little secret: Not only will it give you a flat belly, but it'll boost your sex drive—in an hour. Studies show women's sexual satisfaction directly correlates to their exercise quotient.

"Working out boosts endorphins that get you in the mood," says Laura Berman, PhD, founder of the Berman Center, a sexual health clinic in Chicago. She teamed up with
Prevention to devise this exclusive libido-boosting routine, based on her new book, The Passion Prescription.

Her Rx: daily Kegels, plus, on alternating days, five more sex-enhancing moves designed to target the pelvic floor and abs. "Increasing the circulation to the pelvic area is a key component of better sex," says Berman. Just be forewarned: The aphrodisiac effect of this plan might kick in immediately.

Pelvic Connecting Crunch

Works your Kegel muscles, transverse abdominals (deeper ab muscles), and inner and outer thighs.

"Combining abdominal and Kegel exercises allows you to squeeze your Kegel muscles in and up and in and back and even side to side—moves that will ultimately help you and your partner experience a broader range of sensations," explains Berman. To begin, lie back with knees bent, feet flat on floor. Place a pillow between knees and let hands rest at sides, palms down. Engage your Kegel muscles, focusing on squeezing them in, up, and back. Engage abs to lift head and shoulders several inches off floor. Hold for three deep breaths, expanding your stomach as you breathe in, contracting as you breathe out. Do 10 reps.

The (Private) Move You Need Daily: Kegels

Improves blood circulation to the genitals, which makes you more aroused; increases vaginal response and bladder control.

To locate your pelvic floor muscles, imagine trying to interrupt your urine stream. Slowly tighten and hold for 10 seconds; then relax for 10 seconds. Repeat 10 times. Next, try a quicker squeeze and release of the same muscles-a faster move that works different muscle fibers. Squeeze and release in rapid succession 10 times. Do one set of fast and one set of slow Kegels each day, working up to three sets of both daily.

The Windmill

Increases flexibility and works abs and thighs. You'll need a scarf or a band to assist with stretching. (Skip this exercise if you have sensitive hips or knees.)

Lying on back, bring right knee to chest and place scarf in middle of foot. Holding ends, extend right leg up toward ceiling. Squeeze pelvic floor muscles while lowering right leg out to side toward floor. Hold for 10 breaths, using inner and outer thighs and pelvic floor muscles to keep pelvis anchored on floor. Slowly return to start, then switch sides.

The Belly Dancer

This move starts with a set of Kegels to help you engage your pelvic floor and then works your butt and abs, giving you full range of motion in your pelvis.

Kneel so torso and lower legs form a right angle. (Place pillow under knees, if more comfortable.) Place hands on hips and do one set of Kegels, keeping butt relaxed. Next, squeeze butt muscles, tuck tailbone in underneath hips, and do Kegels while tilting pelvis forward. Relax rear and allow pelvis to move backward, letting rear come slightly up toward ceiling. Next, move pelvis side to side, engaging Kegel muscles and lower abs. (To move to the right, engage right side butt muscles as you do Kegels.)

Couples Straddle

Increases flexibility.

For this beginner partner move, sit on floor, facing each other, with legs open in straddle position and feet touching, knees and toes facing up. (If he's much taller, press your feet against his legs.) Grasp each other's forearms as you press backs of knees toward floor, lengthen spine, and breathe in and out while holding pose for 1 minute. (To further increase the stretch, scoot slowly toward your partner.

Nighttime Goddess

Teaches you to relax your pelvic floor, which helps with pain prevention and muscle control (you should be able to relax and tighten at will), and loosens your hips, which will give you more flexibility during sex.

Lie on back with knees bent, feet flat on floor, and arms overhead with elbows slightly bent and palms up. Open knees to sides and as they drift toward floor, bring soles of feet together. (If necessary, place a pillow beneath each knee for support. For a deeper stretch, bring feet in closer to groin.) Feel the release in your chest, hips, thighs, and pelvis as you take three deep breaths.
Get sweaty for better sex.
Forget dinner and a movie. Whether you bike, run, or play tennis, aerobic exercise is a great way for couples to connect, turn on—and get in shape. "Watching your partner get sweaty can ignite sparks," says Becky Jeffers, fitness director at the Berman Center in Chicago. Choose a cardiovascular activity you can do for at least a half-hour 3 to 5 days a week.  

5 Easy Ways to Increase Your Manpower

A testosterone shortage could cost you your life. As if losing muscle mass, bone density, and your sex drive to low T levels wasn't bad enough, new research shows the decline can also increase your risk of prostate cancer, heart disease, and even death. Follow these steps to lift your levels and lengthen your life.

1. Uncover your abs

As your waist size goes up, your testosterone goes down. In fact, a 4-point increase in your body mass index—about 30 extra pounds on a 5-foot-10 guy—can accelerate your age-related T decline by 10 years. For a diet that'll help keep your gut in check, try the new TNT Diet.

2. Build Your biceps

Finnish researchers recently found that men who lifted weights regularly experienced a 49 percent boost in their free testosterone levels. "As you strengthen your muscles, the amount of testosterone your body produces increases," says David Zava, Ph.D., CEO of ZRT Laboratory. You need to push iron only twice a week to see the benefit. For a six-week muscle plan, take the MH Challenge or work out with the MH Personal Trainer.

3. Fill up on fat

Trimming lard from your diet can help you stay lean, but eliminating all fat can cause your T levels to plummet. A study published in the International Journal of Sports Medicine reveals that men who consumed the most fat also had the highest T levels. To protect your heart and preserve your T, eat foods high in monounsaturated fats—food such as fish and nuts.

4. Push away from the bar

Happy hour can wreak havoc on your manly hormones. In a recent Dutch study, men who drank moderate amounts of alcohol daily for three weeks experienced a 7 percent decrease in their testosterone levels. Limit your drinking to one or two glasses of beer or wine a night to avoid a drop in T.

5. Stop stress

Mental or physical stress can quickly depress your T levels. Stress causes cortisol to surge, which "suppresses the body's ability to make testosterone and utilize it within tissues," says Zava. Cardio can be a great tension tamer, unless you overdo it. Injuries and fatigue are signs that your workout is more likely to lower T than raise it.

Purple tomato 'may boost health'

Scientists have developed purple tomatoes which they hope may be able to keep cancer at bay.

The fruit are rich in an antioxidant pigment called anthocyanin which is thought to have anti-cancer properties.

A team from the John Innes Centre, Norwich, created the tomatoes by incorporating genes from the snapdragon flower, which is high in anthocyanin.

The study, published in Nature Biotechnology, found mice who ate the tomatoes lived longer.

Anthocyanins, found in particularly high levels in berries such as blackberry, cranberry and chokeberry, have been shown to help significantly slow the growth of colon cancer cells.

They are also thought to offer protection against cardiovascular disease and age-related degenerative diseases.

There is also evidence that the pigments have anti-inflammatory properties, help boost eyesight, and may help stave off obesity and diabetes.

The John Innes team is investigating ways to increase the levels of health-promoting compounds in more commonly eaten fruits and vegetables.

Tomatoes already contain high levels of beneficial antioxidant compounds, such as lycopene and flavonoids.

More benefit

Professor Cathie Martin, from the centre, said: "Most people do not eat five portions of fruits and vegetables a day, but they can get more benefit from those they do eat if common fruit and veg can be developed that are higher in bioactive compounds."

The John Innes team took two genes from snapdragon that induce the production of anthocyanins in snapdragon flowers, and turned them on in tomato fruit.

Anthocyanins accumulated in tomatoes at higher levels than anything previously achieved in both the peel and flesh of the fruit, giving them an intense purple colour.

Tests on mice bred to be susceptible to cancer showed that animals whose diets were supplemented with the purple tomatoes had a significantly longer lifespan compared to those who received only normal red tomatoes.

Professor Martin said: "This is one of the first examples of metabolic engineering that offers the potential to promote health through diet by reducing the impact of chronic disease.

"And certainly the first example of a GMO [genetically modified organism] with a trait that really offers a potential benefit for all consumers."

She said the the next step would be test the tomatoes on human volunteers.

Exciting

Dr Lara Bennett, of the charity Cancer Research UK, said: "It is exciting to see new techniques that could potentially make healthy foods even better for us.

"But it is too early to say whether anthocyanins obtained through diet could help to reduce the risk of cancer.

"We do know that eating a healthy, balanced diet that is rich in fibre, fruit and vegetables - and low in red and processed meat - is an important way to reduce your cancer risk."

Dr Paul Kroon, of the Food Research Institute in Norwich, said the research was an "important study".

"The technology offers great scope for altering colours of fruits and vegetables, and their content of potentially health-protective compounds."

However, he said it would be wrong to assume the effects seen in mice would necessarily occur in humans.

Anna Denny, a nutrition scientist for the British Nutrition Foundation, stressed there was no "magic bullet" against diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

"Fruit and veg with higher levels of health-promoting compounds should not been seen as a replacement for eating a healthy balanced diet."

10 Things That Might Surprise You About Being Pregnant

Pregnancy doesn't just change your body—it affects the rest of you, too.

1. The nesting instinct

Many pregnant women experience the nesting instinct, a powerful urge to prepare their home for the baby by cleaning and decorating. Or perhaps you'll want to tackle projects you haven't had time to do, like organizing your garage or closets.

As your due date draws closer, you may find yourself cleaning cupboards or washing walls—things you never would have imagined doing in your ninth month of pregnancy! This desire to prepare your home can be useful because it will give you more time to recover and nurture your baby after the birth. But be careful not to overdo it.

2. Inability to concentrate

In the first trimester, fatigue and morning sickness can make many women feel worn out and mentally fuzzy. But even well-rested pregnant women may experience an inability to concentrate and periods of forgetfulness. A preoccupation with the baby is partially the cause, as are hormonal changes. Everything—including work, bills, and doctor appointments—may seem less important than the baby and the impending birth. You can combat this forgetfulness by making lists to help you remember dates and appointments.

3. Mood swings

Premenstrual syndrome and pregnancy are alike in many ways. Your breasts swell and become tender, your hormones fluctuate, and you may feel moody. If you suffer from premenstrual syndrome, you're likely to have more severe mood swings during pregnancy. They can make you go from feeling happy one minute to feeling like crying the next. You may be irrationally angry with your partner one day, then a coworker may inexplicably irritate you the next.

Mood swings are incredibly common during pregnancy, although they tend to occur more frequently in the first trimester and toward the end of the third trimester.

About 10 percent of pregnant women experience depression during pregnancy. If you have symptoms such as sleep disturbances, changes in eating habits (a complete lack of appetite or an inability to stop eating), and exaggerated mood swings for longer than two weeks, you should talk to your doctor.

Unexpected effects of pregnancy

4. Bra size

An increase in breast size is one of the first signs of pregnancy. Breasts usually become swollen and enlarged in the first trimester because of increased levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. That growth in the first trimester isn't necessarily the end, either—your breasts can continue to grow throughout your pregnancy!

In addition to the size of your breasts, your bra size may be affected by your rib cage. When you're pregnant, your lung capacity increases so you can take in extra oxygen for yourself and the baby, which may result in a bigger chest size. You may need to replace your bras several times over the course of your pregnancy.

5. Skin

Are your friends saying you have that pregnancy glow? It's only one of many skin changes you may experience during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and the stretching of your skin to accommodate a larger body. Pregnant women experience an increase in blood volume to provide extra blood flow to the uterus and to meet the metabolic needs of the fetus. They also have increased blood flow to their other organs, especially the kidneys. The greater volume brings more blood to the vessels and increases oil gland secretion.

Some women develop brownish or yellowish patches called chloasma, or the "mask of pregnancy," on their faces. And some will notice a dark line on the midline of the lower abdomen, known as the linea nigra (or linea negra), as well as hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) of the nipples, external genitalia, and anal region. These are the result of pregnancy hormones, which cause the body to produce more pigment. The body may not produce this increased pigment evenly, however, so the darkened skin may appear as splotches of color. Unfortunately, chloasma can't be prevented, but wearing sunscreen and avoiding UV light can minimize its effects.

Acne is common during pregnancy because the skin's sebaceous glands increase their oil production. And newly formed pimples might not be the only evolving spots on your face or body—moles or freckles that you had prior to pregnancy may become bigger and darker. Even the areola, the area around the nipples, becomes darker. Except for the darkening of the areola, which is usually permanent, these skin changes will likely disappear after you give birth. Many women also experience heat rash, caused by dampness and perspiration, during pregnancy.

In general, pregnancy can be an itchy time for a woman. Skin stretching over the abdomen may cause itchiness and flaking. Your doctor can recommend creams to soothe dry or itchy skin.

6. Hair and nails

Many women experience changes in hair texture and growth during pregnancy. The hormones secreted by your body will cause your hair to grow faster and fall out less. But these hair changes usually aren't permanent; most women lose a significant amount of hair in the postpartum period or after they stopbreastfeeding.

Some women find that they grow hair in unwanted places, such as on the face or belly or around the nipples. Others experience changes in hair texture that make hair drier or oilier. Some women even find their hair changing color.

Nails, like hair, can change noticeably during pregnancy. Extra hormones can make them grow faster and become stronger. Some women, however, find that their nails tend to split and break more easily during pregnancy. Like the changes in hair, nail changes aren't permanent. If your nails split and tear more easily when you're pregnant, keep them trimmed and avoid the chemicals in nail polish and nail polish remover.

7. Shoe size

Even though you can't fit into any of your prepregnancy clothes, you still have your shoes, right? Maybe—but maybe not. Because of the extra fluid in their pregnant bodies, many women experience swelling in their feet and may even have to start wearing a larger shoe size. Wearing slip-on shoes in a larger size will be more comfortable for many pregnant women, especially in the summer months.

8. Joint mobility

During pregnancy, your body produces a hormone known as relaxin, which is believed to help prepare the pubic area and the cervix for the birth. The relaxin loosens the ligaments in your body, making you less stable and more prone to injury. It's easy to overstretch or strain yourself, especially the joints in your pelvis, lower back, and knees. When exercising or lifting objects, go slowly and avoid sudden, jerky movements.

9. Varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and constipation

Varicose veins, which are usually found in the legs and genital area, occur when blood pools in veins enlarged by the hormones of pregnancy. Varicose veins often disappear after pregnancy, but you can lessen them by:

  • avoiding standing or sitting for long periods of time
  • wearing loose-fitting clothing
  • wearing support hose
  • elevating your feet when you sit

Hemorrhoids—varicose veins in the rectum—frequently occur during pregnancy as well. Because your blood volume has increased and your uterus puts pressure on your pelvis, the veins in your rectum may enlarge into grape-like clusters. Hemorrhoids can be extremely painful, and they may bleed, itch, or sting, especially during or after a bowel movement. Coupled with constipation, another common pregnancy woe, hemorrhoids can make going to the bathroom downright unpleasant.

Constipation is common throughout pregnancy because pregnancy hormones slow the rate of food passing through the gastrointestinal tract. During the later stages of pregnancy, your uterus may push against your large intestine, making it difficult for waste to be eliminated. Constipation can contribute to hemorrhoids because straining may enlarge the veins of the rectum.

The best way to combat constipation and hemorrhoids is to prevent them. Eating a fiber-rich diet, drinking plenty of fluids daily, and exercising regularly can help keep bowel movements regular. Stool softeners (not laxatives) may also help. If you do have hemorrhoids, see your doctor for a cream or ointment that can shrink them.

Birth day surprises

10. Things that will come out of your body

So you've survived the mood swings and the hemorrhoids, and you think your surprises are over. Guess again—the day you give birth will probably hold the biggest surprises of all.

Only 1 in 10 mothers' water breaks before labor contractions begin. Some women never experience it—a doctor may need to rupture the amniotic sac (if the cervix is already dilated) when they arrive at the hospital. How much water can you expect? For a full-term baby, there are normally about 2.1 to 5.9 cups of amniotic fluid. Some women may feel an intense urge to urinate that leads to a gush of fluid when their waters break. Others may have only a trickling sensation down their leg because the baby's head acts like a stopper to prevent most of the fluid from leaking out. In any case, amniotic fluid is generally sweet-smelling and pale or colorless and is replaced by your body every three hours, so don't be surprised if you continue to leak fluid, about a cup an hour, until delivery.

Other unexpected things may come out of your body during labor in addition to your baby, blood, and amniotic fluid. Some women experience nausea and vomiting. Others have diarrhea before or during labor, and flatulence (passing gas) is also common. During the pushing phase of labor, you may lose control of your bladder or bowels. A birth plan can be especially helpful in communicating your wishes to your health care providers about how to handle these and other discomforts of labor and delivery.

Lots of surprises are in store for you once you become pregnant—but none sweeter than the way you'll feel once your newborn is in your arms!

Easy tips to parry common cold

ommon cold, with symptoms of sneezing, scratchy throat, runny nose, is probably the most common illness known. 

Although this disease is usually mild, with symptoms lasting one to two weeks, it is a leading cause of doctor visits and missed days from school and work.

Children are generally prone to common cold. It is said a child generally has about six to 10 colds a year. Adults average about two to four colds a year, although the range varies widely.

Women, especially those aged 20 to 30 years, have more colds than men, possibly because of their close contact with children.

On average, people older than 60 have fever than one cold a year. More than 200 different viruses are known to cause the symptoms of the common cold. Some, such as the rhinoviruses, seldom produce serious illnesses. Others, such as parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus, produce mild infections in adults but can precipitate severe lower respiratory infections in young children.

Rhinoviruses cause an estimated 30 to 35 per cent of all adult colds. More than 110 distinct rhinovirus types have been identified. The causes of 30 to 50 per cent of adult colds, presumed to be viral, remain unidentified. The same viruses that produce colds in adults appear to cause colds in children. Symptoms of the common cold usually begin two to three days after infection and often include mucus buildup in your nose, difficulty breathing through your nose, swelling of your sinuses, sneezing, sore throat, cough, and headache. Fever is usually slight but can climb to 102 degrees Fahrenheit in infants and young children. Cold symptoms can last from two to 14 days, but like most people, probably recover in a week. If symptoms occur often or last much longer than two weeks, you might have an allergy rather than a cold. Colds occasionally can lead to bacterial infections of your middle ear or sinuses, requiring treatment with antibiotics.

High fever, significantly swollen glands, severe sinus pain, and a cough that produces mucus, may indicate a complication or more serious illness requiring a visit to your healthcare provider. There is no cure for the common cold, but you can get relief from your cold symptoms by resting in bed, drinking plenty of fluids, gargling with warm salt water or using throat sprays or lozenges for a scratchy or sore throat, using petroleum jelly for a raw nose, taking some painkiller for headache or fever. Never take antibiotics to treat a cold because antibiotics do not kill viruses.

There are some tips for defeating a cold. Wash your hands often. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. If you blow your nose, wash your hands before touching your mouth or eyes. If you cough, wash your hands before touching your eyes or nose. If you need to rub your eyes (itchy eyes) try to wash your hands first. It’s okay to blow your nose. It is your body’s way of cleaning debris and foreign objects (viruses and/or its byproducts) out of your system.

Take vitamins. It is always good to take vitamins, but especially when you are sick. Whatever vitamins you take, remember to also take vitamin C as it helps strengthen your immune system. It is good before a cold to help buffer against getting a cold, and during a cold to help boost your immune’s power against the virus. Limit contact with people who are sick. If you don’t want a cold you probably don’t want to intentionally expose yourself to people who have a cold.

If you must, wash your hands afterwards if you touched them (shaking hands) and it wouldn’t hurt to make sure you take your vitamins that day.

Eat healthy, energizing food. Your body always needs fuel but when you’re sick a lot of your body’s energy is devoted to your immune system. Eating regularly (perhaps a little more than you would normally) can give you the energy your body needs.

Too much sleep does you no good and only harm. Rest is important (don’t try to live on four hours sleep each night and expect to get better fast) but keeping as close to your normal routine as possible is very effective.

Drink water! Your body naturally needs minimum eight glasses a day. When you are sick treat this as a bare minimum that you must drink, preferably more. The human body is what 98 per cent water? We need water to function efficiently. Stay warm and dry. If you get cold and wet in the rain or swimming dry off promptly. If you have a fever it may help to drink cold water or put a cold slightly moist cloth on head to cool you down.

Body Fitness Health Care

Body Fitness Health Care

http://bodyhealthcares.blogspot.com/

Chicken soup may lower BP

Chicken soup, which has been dubbed grandma’s penicillin for its purported cold-fighting abilities, may also help to lower high blood pressure, a new study suggests. Japanese researchers have found that collagen proteins found in chicken may actually lower blood pressure. These collagens appear to act like the blood pressure medications called ACE inhibitors.

One caveat, though: it’s the chicken, not the rest of the stuff in the soup, that may be medicinal.

“As this study suggests, some collagen in chicken may lower blood pressure,” said Dr. Byron Lee, a cardiologist at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. “But be careful.

The salt we put on our chicken and in our chicken soup may offset or even reverse this potential benefit.”

That may be why Ai Saiga and colleagues at the Nippon Meat Packers Inc.’s Research and Development Center are looking to find ways to use chicken collagen as a blood pressure medication. Their report will be published in today’s issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Previous studies had found that chicken breast meat contained only small amounts of collagen — too little to be used to develop food and medications for high blood pressure. But chicken legs and feet contain much more collagen, the researchers said.

For the new study, the researchers took collagen from chicken legs and tested it to see if it had the same properties as ACE inhibitors. They found that four proteins in the meat had collagen that acted like the drug.

When they gave these proteins to rats that replicated a human model of high blood pressure, the proteins caused a significant decrease in blood pressure, the researchers found.

“Chicken collagen hydrolysate prepared in this study was composed of foods that can be easily incorporated into the daily diet,” the researchers wrote. “By incorporating these foods into meals, normalisation of blood pressure will be achieved without compromising the quality of life of those who need such foods.”

Easy tips to beat heartburn

Easy tips to beat heartburn

Heartburn is one of the common healthcare problems. Despite its name, heartburn does not affect the heart. Heartburn is a burning feeling in the lower chest, along with a sour or bitter taste in the throat and mouth. It usually occurs after eating a big meal or while lying down. The feeling can last for a few minutes or a few hours.When you eat, food passes from your mouth down a tube called the esophagus. To enter the stomach, the food must pass through an opening between the esophagus and stomach. This opening acts like a gate to allow food to pass into the stomach. Usually, this opening closes as soon as food passes through. But if it doesn’t close all the way, acid from your stomach can get through the opening and into your esophagus. This is called reflux. Stomach acid can irritate the esophagus and cause heartburn.
Heartburn is most common after overeating, when bending over or when lying down. Pregnancy, stress and certain foods can also make heartburn worse. If one suffers from heartburn he should avoid following things as they can make heartburn worse: Cigarette smoking, coffee (both regular and decaffeinated) and other drinks that contain caffeine, alcohol, carbonated drinks, citrus fruits, tomato products, chocolate, mints or peppermints, fatty foods or spicy foods (such as pizza, chili and curry), onions, laying down too soon after eating, being overweight or obese, aspirin or ibuprofen, and certain medicines (such as sedatives and some medicines for high blood pressure).More than occasional heartburn may be a symptom of acid reflux disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), an inflamed stomach lining (gastritis), hiatal hernia or peptic ulcer. Regarding medical treatment, several kinds of medicine can be used to treat heartburn. H2 blockers (some brand names: Pepcid, Tagamet, Zantac) reduce the amount of stomach acids. Several are available without a prescription.Other medicines, such as omeprazole (brand name: Prilosec) and lansoprazole (brand name: Prevacid), also reduce stomach acids. Metoclopramide (brand name: Reglan) reduces acid reflux.

Overeating can effect your brain

Overeating makes the brain go haywire, prompting a cascade of damage that may cause diabetes, heart disease and other ills, U.S. researchers recently reported. Eating too much appears to activate a usually dormant immune system pathway in the brain, sending out immune cells to attack and destroy invaders that are not there, research found.

The finding, reported in the journal cell, could help explain why obesity causes so many different diseases.

It might also offer a way to prevent obesity itself. Obesity is a growing global problem, with 1.8 billion people estimated to be overweight or obese in 2007. Drugs marketed so far to fight obesity have only limited success and, often, severe side-effects. Obesity causes chronic inflammation throughout the body. This inflammation is found in a range of diseases related to obesity, including heart disease and diabetes.

Immune cells such as macrophages and leukocytes use it but research team found it in the hypothalamus, a part of the brain linked with metabolism in mice and humans alike.

"The hypothalamus is the 'headquarters' for regulating energy," they wrote. They found high levels of the compound there but it was normally inactive.

When they fed mice a high-fat diet, it became extremely active. And when it was active, the body ignored signals from leptin, a hormone that normally helps regulate appetite, and insulin, which helps convert food into energy.

The team has discovered a master switch for the diseases caused by overeating.

Team does not know why this compound would be in the brain and in the immune system but suspects it evolved long ago in primitive animals that do not have the same sophisticated immune system as modern animals, including mice and humans.

"Presumably it played some role to guide the immune defense," they said. "In today's society, this pathway is mobilised by different environmental challenge over-nutrition."

'Knocking out' the gene using genetic engineering kept mice eating normally and prevented obesity. This cannot be done in people but team believes a drug, or even gene therapy might work.With gene therapy, a virus or other so-called vector is used to carry corrective DNA into the body, but the approach is still highly experimental.

Eye Disorders - around 1.6 m suffer

Environmental pollution, misuse of drugs and increasing trend of use of substandard contact lenses are leading to eye disorders, said Dr Syed Fawad Rizvi, incharge LRBT Free Base Eye Hospital, Korangi.“Normally, what we are seeing is that reflective errors among children are increasing,” he said. He believed allergy related problems are also causing infections. Young girls are increasingly using contact lenses, which is leading to defective eye sight as these are disposal contact lense. He said there is need to regulate this trend as it has become a fashion.Pollution, dust, heat, smoke are also causing eye problems. Besides water-borne diseases are also increasing infections of eyesight.
He said use of certain medicines during pregnancy also causes infections among babies. While adult also use steroids such as ‘rose water’, which causes more damage. He said these trends are increasing manifold.Generally, around 1.6 million people suffer from eye problems in the country. Out of which, 80 per cent are reversible or preventable disease, which require certain kinds of surgery or other treatment to restore normal eyesight. Only 20 per cent eye problems cannot be treated.He said Pakistan is signatory to Vision 2020 launched by World Health Organisation, which aims to increase the number of reversible eyesight cases by the year 2020. He added that since the last five to 10 years, incidents of eyesight have been reduced in the country mainly because of efforts of non-governmental organisations and philanthropists.Rizvi said some years ago, eye problems were 1.6 per cent but it has now been reduced to 0.8 per cent but still much needs to be done. He said 80 to 90 per cent achievement in reducing eye problems has been done by private sector such as the LRBT. He said the LRBT had so far provided treatment to over 13 million at its 15 hospitals across the country. Around one million patients are being treated while one million surgeries are being carried out each year free of cost. He also believes that the government is also trying to provide necessary equipments at all district hospitals to provide treatment against eye ailments.Outgoing medical superintendent of Spencer’s Eye Hospital, Dr Mashhoodul Zafar said that around 70 per cent blindness is result of cataract. And one of the major reasons behind lack of cataract treatment is poverty. Keeping this in view, he said their focus is to provide free treatment to such people along with lense. He said they charge only Rs170 for routine admission at the hospital. He said they also launched laser department to provide eye treatment to diabetes patients since August 2006. He said the hospital also launched outreach activity programme in Rehri Goth, Keamari, New Karachi and Ziaul Haq colony of Gulshan-e-Iqbal and sorted out patients for treatment at the hospital.Zafar said many people suffer from ‘low vision’, hence the Spencer’s set up low vision aid department to provide devices to such patients free of cost. He said with efforts of City Nazim, Syed Mustafa Kamal, the hospital launched transplantation of eye for which special funds were provided. He said as it is human organs transplantation, the hospital waived all charges but much depends on the provision and purchase of eyes from Sri Lanka as we lack culture of human organs donation.Moreover, Zafar said excessive use of eyes is also leading to infections as children start studying at an early age as compared to past when they used to get admission at age of five or six years. Besides watching TV, playing computer games etc have become an integral part of our lives and when working people return home at evening, they prefer to watch TV for relaxation. All these factors are also contributing to eye problems.Secretary General Pakistan Medical Association, Dr Habib Rehman Soomro said that around 10 per cent of the population suffers from diabetes in the country. Out of which, around 90 per cent patients have chances of developing retinopathy and half of them risk of blindness if they are not treated by laser therapy. He said majority of public sector hospitals in Sindh lack facility of laser therapy. He said only five to six government hospitals provide laser therapy. Other hospitals provide treatment of cataract operation. He said holding eye camps are not solution to eye problems.

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